الدليل الشامل لتعليم اللغة الإنجليزية 1
Affirmative / negative statements
WE EAT BREAKFAST AT THE SNACK BAR.
breakfast at the snack bar.
eat
I
You
We
They
The students
Listen to your teacher. Repeat the sentences; then read the sentences.
1. We eat lunch in the mess hall.
2. I go to class at 7 : 30.
3. The students write the answer in their books.
4. You put milk in your coffee.
5. I drink tea.
6. Aldo and Tom study in the library.
7. They watch TV in the barracks.
8. We buy pens and pencils in the BX.
LINDA EATS BREAKFAST EVERY DAY.
breakfast every day.
eats
He
She
Linda
The boy
Repeat these sentences.
1. Tom takes a shower every day.
2. Mrs. Wilson puts sugar in her tea.
3. The girl swims every Saturday.
4. Mr. Rogers goes to bed at 11 : 30.
5. Mr. Jackson shaves every day.
6. His sister drinks coffee.
7. He sleeps in the barracks.
8. Mr. Wilson eats fish every Friday.
Who + present tense
Practice the sentences.
1. Who writes on the chalkboard? 2. Who learns new words?
Mr. Clark writes on the chalkboard. The students learn new words.
3. Who circles the answer? 4. Who goes to bed late?
Jim circles the answer. Mary goes to bed late.
5. Who comes to the classroom at 7 : 30? 6. Who eats break fast every day?
The men come to the classroom at 7 : 30. John eats breakfast every day.
7. Who eats beef? 8. Who goes to the commissary in the
Tom eats beef. evening?
My wife goes to the commissary in
the evening.
9. Who swims before class? 10. Who repeats the new words?
Ray swims before class. The students repeat the new words.
11. Who gets up early? 12. Who studies English?
My daughter gets up early. We study English.
What + simple present tense
WHAT DOES TOM STUDAY?
English. studies Tom
English? study Does
study? does What
at 7 : 30 . to school goes Tom
at 7 : 30 ? go Does
do does What
Where + simple present
WHERE DOES TOM STUDY?
at the library . studies Tom
at the library ? study Does
study? does Where
EXAMPLES: Where does Tom eat lunch?
He eats lunch at the snack bar.
Where do the boys study?
They study at the library.
Practice the sentences.
1. Where does Frank swim?
He swims at the Air Force base .
2. Where does Ann study?
She studies in her room.
3. Where does bill eat lunch?
He eats lunch at the snack bar.
4. Where does Sam sleep?
He sleeps in the barracks.
5. Where does Susan write?
She writes at her desk.
6. Where do they go in the evening?
They go to the library.
7. Where does she watch television?
She watches television in her room.
8. Where does Jean study English?
She studies English in class.
How often . . . ?
HOW OFTEN DO YOU SPEAK ENGLISH?
early?
late?
here? he is How often
I am
we
you
they are
swim?
eat?
study? he
she does How often
I
we
you
they do
EXAMPLES: How often is John late?
John is never late.
How often does Bill swim?
He swims every day.
Practice the sentences.
1. How often do you drink coffee?
I always drink coffee at breakfast.
2. How often do you speak English?
I speak English every day.
3. How often do they go to the movies?
They go every Friday?
4. How often do you come here?
I always come here on Saturday.
5. How often do they swim?
They swim every Wednesday.
6. How often does Mary do her homework in class?
Mary always does her homework in class.
When + simple present tense
WHEN
on Wednesday. swims Tom
on Wednesday? swim Does
swim? does When
WHEN ?
Practice the sentences.
1. S1 : When does Tom go to the BX?
S2 : He goes on Tuesdays.
2. S1 : When does Tom eat at the snack bar?
S2 : He eats at the snack bar on Fridays.
3. S1 : When does Tom get up early?
S2 : He gets up early on Mondays.
4. S1 : When does Tom go to bed late?
S2 : He goes to bed late on Saturdays.
5. S1 : When does Tom swim?
S2 : He swims on Wednesdays.
FORMULATION OF QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
I : study
S2 : When does Bill study?
S3 : He studies in the evening.
1. watch television 2. eat eggs
3. do homework 4. take a shower
5. go to the lab 6. drink tea
7. buy fish 8. have class
9. see your father 10. write a letter
GRAMMAR : BE (affirmative statements)
WAS / WERE
in the U.S. now. am I
is Mr. Brown
in Spain last year. was I
Mr. Brown
in the U.S. now. are They
John and Sue
in Spain last year were
BE (negative statement)
JANE WAS NOT HAPPY.
Was + Not = Wasn't
Were + Not = Weren't
Repeat the sentences.
1. Jane was not happy last year.
2. Mr. Green wasn't sick last month.
3. I wasn't tired last night.
4. Tom was not here yesterday.
5. Jerry wasn't in the hospital a week ago.
6. Linda wasn't angry this morning.
7. Bob and Richard were not here today.
8. They weren't in Saudi Arabia a month ago.
9. Linda was not in France three months ago.
10. They weren't in the lab 10 minutes ago.
BE (yes / no questions, long / short answers)
WERE YOU HAPPY?
Repeat the sentences.
1. Was Linda happy yesterday?
Yes, Linda was happy yesterday.
Yes, she was.
2. Were Bob and Dan in the classroom?
Yes, Bob and Dan were in the classroom.
Yes, they were.
3. Was Mrs. Wilson sick last month?
Yes, Mrs. Wilson was sick last month.
Yes, she was.
4. Was Mr. Wilson a teacher two years ago?
Yes, Mr. Wilson was a teacher two years ago.
Yes, he was.
5. Was Linda angry yesterday?
No, Linda wasn't angry yesterday.
No, she wasn't.
6. Were Tom and Bob in the BX yesterday afternoon?
No, Tom and Bob were not in the BX yesterday afternoon.
No, they weren't.
7. Were you in your country last year?
Yes, I was in my country last year.
Yes, I was.
8. Was yesterday Thursday?
No, yesterday was not Thursday.
No, it wasn't.
9. Were you in the building this morning?
Yes, I was in the building this morning.
Yes, I was.
10. Were you tired last night?
No, I was not tired last night.
No, I wasn't.
De******ive adjective + noun
1. The coffee is hot. 2. Those children are small.
It's hot coffee. They're small children.
3. That car is old. 4. That man is angry.
It's an old car. He's an angry man.
5. Ann is tall. 6. Betty is short.
She's a tall soldier. She's a short soldier.
7. That building is tall. 8. That car is new.
It's a tall building. It's a new car.
9. This picture is good . 10. That picture is bad.
This is a good picture. That's a bad picture.
) TRANSFORMATION EXERCISE (post modif pre-modif
1. The child is young. ( He's a young child ).
2. The boy is sad. ( He's a sad boy ).
3. The man is tired. ( He's a tired man ).
4. The woman is old. ( She's an old woman ).
5. The man is sick. ( He's a sick man ).
6. The building is tall. ( It's a tall building ).
7. The car is new. ( It's a new car ).
8. The woman is young. ( She's a young woman ).
Make a sentence.
Example: tall My son is a tall boy.
1. happy ( My mother is a happy woman ).
2. sad ( He's a very sad man ).
3. tired ( Those are tired students ).
4. young ( They are young men ).
5. old ( An old lady is here ).
6. angry ( Ted is an angry man ).
7. sick ( The sick men are in the hospital ).
8. tall ( The tall boys are in the Army ).
9. new ( Your new shoes are there ).
10. bad ( He's not a bad man ).
11. good ( They are good students ).
12. short ( It's a short movie ).
Want + infinitive ( aff / neg statements )
HE WANTS TO STUDY.
study.
eat.
go.
read.
write.
speak.
learn. want to I
You
We
They
wants to He
She
study.
eat.
go.
read.
write.
speak.
learn. want to don't I
You
We
They
doesn't He
She
Want + infinitive (yes / no questions & long / short answers)
study?
go?
work?
learn?
get up? want to I
You
We
They
Do
He
She Does
do. I
you
we
they Yes,
does. he
she
study.
go.
work.
learn.
get up. want to I
you
we
they Yes,
wants to he
she
study.
go.
work.
learn.
get up. want to don't I
you
we
they No,
doesn't he
she
don't. I
you
we
they No,
doesn't. he
she
Who + past BE pattern
WHO WAS IN THE NAVY LAST YEAR?
in the Army. was Anthony Lucas
in the Army? Was
in the Army? was Who
Repeat the sentences. Then ask and answer a question.
Example: Student 1 : Who was in his room last night at 9 : 00 p.m. ?
Student 2 : Mark and Tom were in their room last night at 9 : 00 p.m.
1. Who was in the military last year?
( They were in the military last year. )
2. Who was in the lab this morning?
( The students were in the lab this morning. )
3. Who was late to class this morning?
( John was late to class this morning. )
4. Who was at the library last night?
( Paul was at the library last night. )
5. Who was your teacher last week?
( Mr. Perez was your teacher last week. )
6. Who was in the United States five years ago?
( Mr. Smith was in the United States five years ago. )
7. Who was a student three years ago?
( Bob and Mark were students three years ago. )
8. Who was at the mess hall yesterday evening?
( Jack and Jim were in the mess hall yesterday evening. )
9. Who wasn't in class yesterday?
( Rick wasn't in class yesterday. )
10. Who was in the Army ten years ago?
( Capt Ortiz was in the Army ten years ago. )
What + past BE pattern
WHAT WAS ON THE CHALKBOARD YESTERDAY?
on the table. was The dictionary
on the table? the dictionary Was
was What
Repeat the sentences.
1. What was on the table yesterday?
The dictionary was on the table yesterday.
2. What was in the box this morning?
An orange.
3. What was in the room?
A clock .
4. What was on the bulletin board?
The schedule.
5. What was on the chair?
A book was on the chair.
Write five questions with " What " .
1)…………………………………………………………………………………………
2)…………………………………………………………………………………………
3)…………………………………………………………………………………………
4)…………………………………………………………………………………………
5)…………………………………………………………………………………………
Where + past BE pattern
WHERE WERE YOU LAST NIGHT?
last night. at the library
at the snack bar was John
were They
last night? John Was
they Were
John was Where
they were
Repeat and read the sentences.
1. Where was her brother last year?
He was in Saudi Arabia.
2. Where was your class last week?
It was in room 17 .
3. Where were your two friends yesterday?
They were at the dispensary.
4. Where were Mr. and Mrs. Reed last month?
They were in London.
5. Where were you two years ago?
I was in England.
Write five questions with " Where " .
1)…………………………………………………………………………………………
2)…………………………………………………………………………………………
3)…………………………………………………………………………………………
4)…………………………………………………………………………………………
5)…………………………………………………………………………………………
When + past BE pattern
WHEN WERE YOU AT THE LIBRARY?
last night. at the library
at the snack bar was John
were They
last night? John Was
they Were
at the library?
at the snack bar? John was When
they were
Read these sentences.
1. When were you in Spain?
I was in Spain in 1988.
2. When was your mother in the hospital?
She was in the hospital two weeks ago.
3. When was he late?
He was late yesterday.
4. When were they in Canada?
They were in Canada six years ago.
5. When was your son in school?
He was in school three months ago.
Write five questions with " When " .
1)…………………………………………………………………………………………
2)…………………………………………………………………………………………
3)…………………………………………………………………………………………
4)…………………………………………………………………………………………
5)…………………………………………………………………………………………
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
SIMPLE PRESENT : We walk to class every day.
SIMPLE PAST : We walked to class yesterday.
SIMPLE PRESENT : He walks to class every day.
SIMPLE PAST : He walked to class yesterday.
1. Spelling : Verb + -ed = simple past
play + ed = played
walk + ed = walked
close + ed = closed
study + ed = studies
2. Pronunciation :
GROUP III
/ Id /
corrected
ended
repeated
selected
started
visited
wanted GROUP II
/ t /
asked
checked
*****d
liked
looked
looked up
marked
talked
walked
watched
worked GROUP I
/ d /
answered
circled
cleaned
closed
learned
listened
lived
memorized
opened
played
reviewed
shaved
spelled
studied
WE STUDIED ENGLISH YESTERDAY.
Change the sentences to simple past tense. They have GROUP I -ed pronunciation.
Example: Mary studies French every day. ( last month )
Mary studied French last month.
1. Dan learns new words every day. ( yesterday )
2.Pat listens to the radio in the morning. ( yesterday morning )
3. Sam opens the window at night. ( last night )
4. Dick shaves every morning. (yesterday morning )
5. Lana memorizes new words every day. (yesterday )
6. The teacher reviews the old words every day. (yesterday )
JOHN FINISHED HIS HOMEWORK LAST NIGHT.
Change the sentences to simple past tense. They have GROUP II –ed pronunciation.
Example: John always finishes his homework. ( last night )
John finished his homework last night.
1. Dan always asks questions. (yesterday )
2. Sometimes Father ****s dinner. (last night )
3. The girls walk to school every day. (yesterday )
4. Ken looks up the new words after class. (yesterday )
5. We always watch that show. (yesterday )
6. Ben always likes baseball games. ( last night )
I REPEATED THE WORDS YESTERDAY.
Change the sentences to simple past tense. They have GROUP III –ed pronunciation.
Example: I repeat the words every day. ( yesterday )
I repeated the words yesterday.
1. The movie starts at 8:00 every night. ( last night )
2. John selects the correct answer in the morning. (yesterday )
3. We want to go to the movie today. (yesterday )
4. Miss Brown corrects our papers at night. ( last night )
5. I visit my brother on the weekends. ( last weekend )
6. The test ends at 10:00 a.m. ( 10:00 a.m. yesterday )
NEGATIVE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
He did not play tennis.
He didn't play soccer. Jack played baseball yesterday.
YOU DIDN'T ANSWER MY QUESTION.
Repeat these sentences with negative simple past tense.
1. Tom didn't clean his room last Saturday.
2. Linda did not **** dinner last night.
3. George didn't play basketball yesterday.
4. They did not like Chicago.
5. He didn't shave this morning.
SIMPLE PAST TENSE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
at 8:00 . started The show
at 8:00 ? start the show Did
Yes, it did.
Yes, the show started at 8:00 .
No, it didn't.
No, the show didn't start at 8:00 .
YES, HE DID. NO, HE DIDN'T.
Ask and answer questions. Use the simple past tense. Look at the examples.
Example: Ted / work / late / last week.
Did Ted work late last night?
No, he didn't.
1. Linda / play / baseball / yesterday.
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
2. You / visit your brother / last year.
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
3. Dave / study / French.
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
4. Tony's family / visit / Los Angeles.
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
5. Frank / review / his lesson / last night.
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS
SIMPLE PRESENT: We drive to work every day.
SIMPLE PAST: We drove to work yesterday.
SIMPLE PRESENT: He drives to work every day.
SIMPLE PAST: He drove to work yesterday.
IRREGULAR VERBS
Repeat these irregular verbs.
PAST
began
drank
sat
swam
came
got up
knew
wrote
drove
spoke
chose
ate
took
stood
saw PRESENT
begin
drink
sit
swim
come
get up
know
write
drive
speak
choose
eat
take
stand
see
Read the sentences.
1. Peter swam after class yesterday.
2. He drove to his barracks and took a shower.
3. He began his homework 2000 hours last night.
4. He got up and drank a glass of water at 2100 .
5. He sat down and wrote sentences.
6. He knew all the answers to the questions.
7. He stood up and walked outside.
8. Peter came to my barracks at 2200.
9. He saw the fruit on the table.
10. He chose a banana and ate it.
11. We spoke for thirty minutes.
12. He went home at 2235.
Change these sentences to past tense. Look at the example.
Example: He drives to class every day. ( yesterday )
He drove to class yesterday.
1. We swim every day. ( yesterday )
(………………………………………………………………………)
2. I get up at six every morning. ( yesterday morning )
(………………………………………………………………………)
3. We drink tea in the morning. ( last night )
(………………………………………………………………………)
4. He takes a shower at night. ( yesterday morning )
(………………………………………………………………………)
5. They eat lunch in the mess hall every day. (yesterday )
(………………………………………………………………………)
6. She drives to the store on Saturdays. ( last Saturday )
(………………………………………………………………………)
7. I write a letter to my family every day. ( two days ago )
(………………………………………………………………………)
Change these negative sentences to affirmative. Look at the example.
Example: Joe didn't eat a banana. ( pear )
He eat a pear.
1. Lt Campos didn't speak to Mary. ( to Linda )
(………………………………………………………………………)
2. Jackie didn't sit down at the table. ( desk )
(………………………………………………………………………)
3. George didn't stand on the table. ( chair )
(………………………………………………………………………)
4. I didn't know the time of the show. ( name )
(………………………………………………………………………)
5. The students didn't come late to class. ( on time )
(………………………………………………………………………)
6. Capt Jones didn't begin his class on time. ( late )
(………………………………………………………………………)
WH-questions ( past tense )
HE WENT TO THE MOVIES.
Mark went to the movies last Saturday. He drove his father's car. Before the movie, he
1 2 3 4
bought a snack. He saw two movies. Then, he drove home at 10:00 p.m.
5 6 7
Read the paragraph. Ask and answer questions.
WHAT DID HE DO?
Sgt Brown went to the BX yesterday afternoon. He bought a razor and three tapes for
1 2 3
his son. He bought a pack of cigarettes, too. Then, he drove home. He listened to his son's
3 4
new tapes in his car. He liked two and didn't like one. His son came to home at 1600.
5 6
"Thanks for the tapes, Dad," he said.
7
WHAT DID THEY STUDY?
Read the paragraph. Ask and answer questions.
Sandy and Harry walked to the library last night. They studied French. They studied
1 2 3
for a French test they had this morning. Harry had a very good French book. Sandy studied
4
Harry's French book. They took the test at 10:00 this morning.
5 6
CAN
Can is used to express ability.
STATEMENT: The students can read well.
NIGATIVE: Mary can't speak French.
QUESTION: Can you fly an airplane?
Yes, I can. No, I can't.
What languages can you speak?
I can speak English and Spanish.
Who can play soccer well?
Bill can!
cannot = can't
Make sentences like the example. Use can.
Example: speak French
Ali can speak French.
1. drive a bus
(………………………………………………………………………)
2. fly a plane
(………………………………………………………………………)
3. read and write well
(………………………………………………………………………)
4. answer the teacher's question
(………………………………………………………………………)
5. play soccer
(………………………………………………………………………)
6. swim very well
(………………………………………………………………………)
7. memorize dialogs
(………………………………………………………………………)
8. learn English
(………………………………………………………………………)
THEY CAN SPEAK TWO OR THREE LANGUAGES
Listen to the paragraph. Write who and what questions with can.
All the students in my class know two, three, or four languages. Lt Romo speaks Spanish, French, and English. Sgt Gamdi speaks Arabic and English. Lt Fofana speaks French, Spanish, English, and Wolof. Maj Kim speaks Korean, Japanese, and English. Capt Rossi speaks French, Italian, and English.
Example: Who can speak Arabic in your class?
Sgt Gamdi can speak Arabic.
What languages can Maj Kim speak?
He can speak Korean, Japanese, and English.
1. (………………………………………………………………………)
Lt Romo and Lt Fofana can speak Spanish.
2. (………………………………………………………………………)
He can speak Arabic and English.
3. (………………………………………………………………………)
All the students in the class can speak English.
4. (………………………………………………………………………)
He can speak French, Spanish, English, and Wolof.
5. (………………………………………………………………………)
Capt Rossi can speak Italian.
6. (………………………………………………………………………)
Maj Kim can speak Japanese.
7. (………………………………………………………………………)
Lt Romo, Lt Fofana, and Capt Rossi can speak French.
8. (………………………………………………………………………)
She can speak French, Italian, and English.
MUST
Must is used to express something that is necessary.
STATEMENT: I have a test tomorrow.
I must study tonight.
He's in the military.
He must wear his uniform.
1. You must wear your uniform in class. 2.You must wear a cap outside.
3. You must wear your name tag. 4.You must bring your I.D. card.
5. You must salute an officer. 6.You must report to the Captain.
WHAT MUST YOU DO?
Answer the questions. Use must. Look at the example.
Example: You have a test tomorrow. What must you do? (study )
I must study for it.
1. You are getting dressed for class. What must you wear? (uniform )
(………………………………………………………………………)
2. You lost your homework. Who must you speak to? (teacher )
(………………………………………………………………………)
3. Lt Jones is going outside. What must he put on? (hat )
(………………………………………………………………………)
4. There's an important meeting after class. What must you do? ( go )
(………………………………………………………………………)
5. You are a captain and you see a major while walking outside. What must you do?
( salute )
(………………………………………………………………………)
6. You have to study English today. Where must you go? (classroom )
(………………………………………………………………………)
MUST NOT
Must not is used to express prohibition. (DON'T DO THIS! )
You must not eat in the classroom.
Don't eat in the classroom!
We must not open that door.
It says, " Do not open the door. "
YOU MUST NOT SMOKE IN THE CLASSROOM.
1. You must not come late to class. 2. You must not sleep in class.
Don't sleep in class. Don't come late to class.
3. You must not smoke in the classroom. 4. You must not write on your desk.
Do not smoke in the classroom. Do not write on your desk.
YOU MUST NOT SMOKE IN THE LAB.
Make statements with must or must not. Look at the examples.
Example: sleep in class.
You must not sleep in class.
wear your uniform to class.
You must wear your uniform to class.
1. bring I.D. card to class
(………………………………………………………………………)
2. wear your hat outside
(………………………………………………………………………)
3. smoke in the classroom
(………………………………………………………………………)
4. eat in the lab
(………………………………………………………………………)
5. do homework
(………………………………………………………………………)
6. wear name tag
(………………………………………………………………………)
7. sleep in the lab
(………………………………………………………………………)
MAY/CAN
May and can are used to express permission.
STATEMENT: Children, you may have some fruit after dinner.
You can leave early today.
QUESTIONS: May I sit here?
Yes, you may. No, you may not.
Can I write in my book?
Yes, you can. No, you can't.
MAY I GO OUTSIDE?
Ask questions and then answer them with short and long answers. Use can, can't, may, or may not. Look at the examples.
Example: sit down
S1: Can I sit down in that chair, please?
S2: Yes, you can./Yes, you can sit down in that chair.
go out side
S2: May I go outside?
S3: No, you may not./No, you may not go outside.
1. watch a movie in class
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
2. leave early on Friday
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
3. see your notebook
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
4. talk
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
5. study in your room
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
6. take off my shoes in the classroom
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
questions ( What + noun + aux + noun / pronoun + verb;
What + noun + BE + noun / pronoun )
Objective: Give oral / visual / written cues, the student will ask and answer oral and written questions in the following patterns :
What + noun + aux + noun / pronoun + verb
EXAMPLE: What movie did bill see?
What color + BE + noun / pronoun?
EXAMPLE: What color is the wall?
WHAT SUIT DID HE WEAR YESTERDAY?
Repeat the sentences.
1. What show did you see yesterday?
2. What rank did he have four years ago?
3. What movie does she want to see?
4. What time did John start to work?
5. What game did they watch last night?
6. What city did the Adams visit last year?
WHAT BOOK DID YOU STUDY?
Ask and answer questions with these words. Use what. Look at the example.
Example: shoes
S1 : What shoes did you wear yesterday?
S2 : I wore my new shoes.
1. show
( S1 : What show did you see last week? )
( S2 : I saw a car show. )
2. lesson
( S1 : What lesson did you study last night? )
( S2 : I studied lesson 3. )
3. time
( S1 : What time did you leave? )
( S2 : I left at 08:00 . )
4. radio
( S1: What radio did you buy? )
( S2: I bought the small radio. )
How much … ?
Objective: Given oral / visual / written cues, the student will ask and answer oral and written questions as in the following patterns:
How much + BE + noun / pronoun?
EXAMPLE: How much is the book?
How much is it?
How much + aux + noun / pronoun + cost?
EXAMPLE: How much does the pen cost?
How much does it cost?
HOW MUCH … ?
cost? the shoes do How much
the shoes? are
they? are
cost? the shirt does How much
the shirt? is
it? is
cost? the shoes did How much
the shoes? were
they? were
cost? the shirt did How much
the shirt? was
it? was
Questions ( HOW + BE )
HOW'S THE WEATHER?
Repeat and read the questions and answers.
1. How's the weather? It's rainy today.
2. How was the cake last night? It was good.
3. How's your ankle? It hurts.
4. How are you? I'm bored.
5. How's your class? It's a good class.
6. How was the weather in Houston? It was nice and clear.
7. How were your brothers and sisters? They were all fine.
HOW ARE YOU? I'M FINE, THANKS.
Ask and answer questions. Use How + a BE-verb and the words that are given.
Example: weather / yesterday
S1: How was the weather yesterday?
S2: It was cloudy and cold.
Food / Aldo's restaurant
S2: How's the food at Aldo's Restaurant?
S3: It's very good.
1. family / today
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
2. show / Saturday night
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
3. winter / your country
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
4. summers / Texas
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
5. food / mess hall
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
6. teacher / this week
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
Think + noun clause
WE THINK YOU'RE NICE.
you're nice. that We think
---------
Repeat the sentences; then read them.
1. " It's warm in the room, " Mary said
Mary thinks that it's warm in the room.
Mary thinks it's warm in the room.
2. " This movie is good, " Jackson said.
Mr. Jackson thinks that the movie is good.
Mr. Jackson thinks the movie is good.
3. " It isn't very cold outside, " said Jack.
Jack doesn't think that it is very cold outside.
Jack doesn't think it is very cold outside.
4. " The Italian students will arrive at 6:00, " Sgt Burns said.
Sgt Burns thinks that the Italian students will arrive at 6:00 .
Sgt Burns thinks the Italian students will arrive at 6:00 .
5. Frank liked Mr. Henry's new book.
Frank thought that Mr. Henry's new book was good.
Frank thought Mr. Henry's new book was good.
Read these sentences.
1. I think it'll snow this year.
2. Mary didn't think the weather was nice.
3. Becky thinks she'll get a good grade.
4. I don't think we'll go to Chicago this summer.
5. Becky thought the test was last Friday.
6. Tom doesn't think the food at that restaurant is good.
7. We think Mr. Brown is a good teacher.
8. He doesn't think he'll go to the movie tonight.
9. They didn't think soccer game was very good.
10. Mary thinks John can speak three language.
Make a sentences with think.
Example: She's hungry. ( I )
I think she's hungry.
I think that she's hungry.
The teacher's not angry. ( Ann )
Ann doesn't think the teacher's angry.
Ann doesn't think that the teacher's angry.
1. Pat's tired. ( I )
( .................................................................................................................................. )
2. Mary is angry. ( Bob )
( .................................................................................................................................. )
3. He can go to the barbershop tomorrow. ( my brother )
( .................................................................................................................................. )
4. Linda was upset. ( teacher )
( .................................................................................................................................. )
5. Jan will get a good grade on the test. ( I )
( .................................................................................................................................. )
6. It won't rain tomorrow. ( the sergeant )
( .................................................................................................................................. )
7. This is a good book. ( Nancy )
( .................................................................................................................................. )
8. The test won't be on Friday. ( they )
( .................................................................................................................................. )
9. The weather will be rainy today. ( Alan )
( .................................................................................................................................. )
10. The game was after class. ( Bill )
( .................................................................................................................................. )
Object pronouns
they we it she he you I SUBJECT PRONOUNS
them us it her him you me OBJECT PRONOUNS
Read the sentences.
1. Does John know Mary?
No, he doesn't know her.
2. Do you know Frank?
Yes, I know him.
3. When did he call you?
He called me last night.
4. Where did you meet Sally?
I met her at the library.
5. Where will you talk to John?
I'll talk to him in class.
6. Where did Bill see Ruth?
He saw her at the movies.
7. Mary was here Friday.
Did you see her?
8. When did you visit mother and father?
I visited them last night/.
9. When did the teacher speak to you and John?
He spoke to us yesterday.
10. Did the teacher want to talk to Tom and Mary?
Yes, he wanted to talk to them.
Complete these questions and answers. Use me, you, him, her, it, us, or them.
1. Jan: Where did you see Bob and Mary?
Sam: I saw __________ at the dance.
2. Jan: Did you see __________ at the dance?
Sam: Yes, I saw you there.
3. Tom: Ted and I were there too. Did you see __________ ?
Sam: No, I didn't see __________ .
Complete the dialogs.
1. Ann: Did you see John?
Sue: Yes, I saw __________ .
2. Tom: Jan was here yesterday. Did you talk to __________ ?
Bob: No, I didn't.
3. Ann: I was at the library last night.
Jan: Bob and I were there, too. Did you see __________ ?
4. Tom: Hi. Can you talk to __________ for a minute?
Sue: Yes, I can talk to you.
5. Tom: Do you know Ann and her sister?
Sue: No, I didn't know __________ .
6. John: Is this candy for the teacher?
Jane: Yes, it's for __________ from all of __________ .
7. Mother: John, Mike wants to talk to you.
John: I can't talk to __________ right now.
8. Bob: Do you see that desk? Your book is under __________ .
9. Sue: Does Mary work with __________ ?
Tom: Yes, she work with me.
10. Amn White: When did you speak to the sergeant?
Amn Black: I spoke to _________ yesterday morning.
Would like ( to )
WOULD LIKE ( TO )
some chocolate ice cream. I want
I would like
I would like to have
I I'd
You You'd
He He'd
She + would like ( to ) = She'd like ( to )
We We'd
They They'd
like ( to ) … ?
I
you
he
she
we
they
Would
would How
What
Who
When
Where
Read these sentences.
1. We'd like some breakfast.
2. Would he like some water?
Yes, he'd like some cold water.
3. They'd like to order now.
4. What would you like to do?
I'd like to travel to your country.
5. What would you like for dinner?
6. Would you like some vanilla ice cream?
Yes, I'd like some.
7. When would you like to eat?
I'D LIKE TO EAT NOW.
Ask and answer questions like the example.
Example: what / eat
What would you like to eat?
I'd like to eat some soup.
where / live
Where would you like to live?
I'd like to live in Hawaii.
1. when / leave
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
2. where / go
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
3. what / watch
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
4. how many tickets
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
5. when / travel to California
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
6. where / eat lunch
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
7. what / play
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
8. how / go
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
9. what / breakfast
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
Indefinite pronouns ( something, anything, nothing )
SOMETHING ANYTHING NOTHING
Something and nothing are used in affirmative statements.
EXAMPLES: Let's order something for dessert.
There's nothing in this suitcase.
Something and anything used in questions.
EXAMPLES: Would you like something to drink?
Did the teacher say anything about the quiz?
Anything is used in negative statements.
EXAMPLE: I didn't eat anything for breakfast.
Read the sentences.
1. Does your friend want something?
No, he doesn't want anything.
2. I want something for dessert.
Would you like some ice cream?
3. Would you like to buy something?
Yes, I need a pen.
4. I heard something. Did you hear anything?
No, I didn't.
5. Did you buy anything?
Yes, I bought something.
6. I saw something.
I didn't see anything.
7. Can you thing of something?
Yes, I'll thing of something.
8. Did you buy anything?
No, nothing. I didn't buy anything.
9. I want to do something tonight.
Let's go to a movie.
10. Are you doing anything this weekend?
No, let's do something.
DO YOU WANT SOMEHING TO DRINK?
Ask and answer questions like the example. Use anything, something, or nothing and the word that is given.
Example: buy
Did you buy anything?
Yes, I bought something.
learn
Did you learn something?
No, I didn't learn anything.
1. want
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
2. get
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
3. hear
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
4. do
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
5. see
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
6. order
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
SOMETHING ELSE ANYTHING ELSE NOTHING ELSE
Read the sentences.
1. Jim studied all weekend. He didn't anything else.
2. I don't like coffee. Is there anything else to drink?
3. John's blue suit was dirty. He had to wear something else.
4. I saw that movie last week. Can we see something else?
5. There's only one desk in the room. There's nothing else.
INDIRECT OBJECT
Some verbs are following by two objects: a direct object and an indirect object. When the indirect object is second, the preposition " to " is used.
Indirect Object Direct Object
to Tom.
to him. a postcard John sent
for Ann.
for her. a ticket Sally got
Direct Object Indirect Object
a postcard. Tom
him John sent
a ticket. Ann
her Sally got
Read the sentences.
1. I gave ten dollars to Paul.
I gave Paul ten dollars.
2. Did you get any ice cream for the children?
Did you get the children any ice cream?
3. The waitress didn't bring a glass of water for Ted.
The waitress didn't bring Ted a glass of water.
4. He sent pictures of Saudi Arabia to the class.
He sent the class pictures of Saudi Arabia.
5. Tom's brother bought a new radio for him.
Tom's brother bought him a new radio.
6. They want to buy dinner for us tonight.
They want to buy us dinner tonight.
7. Please give some money to me.
Please give me some money.
8. I can't send any money to you now.
I can't send you any money now.
HE SOLD A RECORD TO HIM.
Change these sentences. Use an indirect object after the verb in the new sentence.
Example: She mailed a letter to him.
She mailed him a letter.
1. Please show your I.D. card to me.
(………………………………………………………………………)
2. Tom mailed a postcard to Ted.
(………………………………………………………………………)
3. Mary *****d a delicious dinner for us.
(………………………………………………………………………)
4. Did you write a letter to your father?
(………………………………………………………………………)
5. Give this dollar to Linda, please.
(………………………………………………………………………)
6. Did Jan buy a new coat for her sister?
(………………………………………………………………………)
7. I ordered a cup of coffee for you.
(………………………………………………………………………)
Conjunctions ( and, but )
AND AND BUT
The conjunctions and and but can be used to join two statements. And shows addition and is used when the statements are similar.
I called Jan. We talked for an hour.
I called Jan, and we talked for an hour.
But is used to connect statements that express opposite ideas.
I also called Stave He wasn't home.
I also called Stave, but he wasn't home.
Read the sentences.
1. Ann Likes to dance, and Bill likes to dance, too.
2. She bought a new dress, and he bought a new suit.
3. John wore his raincoat, and I took my umbrella.
4. Jan got a letter from a friend, and her sister read it.
5. Mark came to class late, and the teacher was angry.
6. Lee can speak Spanish, and her sister can speak French.
7. We went to the BX yesterday, and I cashed a check.
8. We called a travel agent, and she made our reservations.
9. I ate chicken for lunch, and I had it for dinner, too.
10. They finished their meal, and the waiter brought the check.
I'D LIKE TO GO, BUT I CAN'T.
Use and or but to complete the sentences.
1. The radio is on, ________ I can't hear anything.
2. Ann's at the library, ________ Jim's there, too.
3. Jan wants to travel, ________ she has to stay here.
4. I went to the doctor, ________ he gave me some medicine.
5. I'd like to take pictures, ________ I don't have any film.
6. I had cherry pie for dessert, ________ it was delicious.
7. The chicken was good, ________ the vegetables were awful.
8. Jane sent me a postcard, ________ I sent her one, too.
9. Marian will fly to Dallas, ________ we'll meet her there.
10. Lt Brown can fly helicopter, ________ he can't fly jets.
Questions with " which "
" Which " is used to ask questions expecting the responder to choose one definite object out of two in the mind of the person putting the question.
Structure:
Which + Noun + Aux. verb / Modal + Noun / Pronoun ( object ) + Verb?
EXAMPLES:
1. Which dress did you wear to the party?
2. Which language can you speak fluently?
3. Which book must he study first?
4. Which car should he buy?
5. Which city are you from?
6. Which lesson do you think is difficult?
7. Which color do you like most?
EXERCISES:
A) Make questions with " which " and then answer them. Look at the example.
Example: car / like
Which car do you like?
I like the blue car.
1. lesson / study
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
2. movie / watch
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
3. suit / wear
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
4. game / play
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
5. friend / see
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
6. eye / hurt
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
B) Read the sentences and write questions with " which ".
Example: I watched an English movie last night.
Which movie did you watch?
1. (………………………………………………………………………)
I am reading an English book.
2. (………………………………………………………………………)
I like yellow color.
3. (………………………………………………………………………)
They watched a horror movie last night.
4. (………………………………………………………………………)
The last show was very boring.
5. (………………………………………………………………………)
She speaks French language.
C) Read the answer and write the questions with " which " .
1. I studied the first lesson last night.
(………………………………………………………………………)
2. Jack hurt him left ankle yesterday.
(………………………………………………………………………)
3. They watched a good show on TV last night.
(………………………………………………………………………)
4. Jane wore a blue and yellow scarf yesterday.
(………………………………………………………………………)
5. Henry wore an old tie to the dance.
(………………………………………………………………………)
Conjunction " or "
Conjunction " or " is used to connect nouns / pronouns, verbs, and adjectives in questions / statements. Its function is to choose one out of two objects.
EXAMPLES:
1. Buy a razor at the store or at the BX.
2. They eat at the snack bar or at the mess hall.
3. I didn't see John or Betty.
4. You may read a book or watch TV.
5. Don't drink or eat in classroom.
6. Do you drink hot or cold tea?
7. They don't have small or large shoes.
8. Are you going to the store or the library?
9. She can touch or point to her head.
10. He can study the first or the last lesson.
EXERCISES:
A) Write the questions to the answers. Use " or " in the questions. Look at the example. (Second choice will vary. One possibility is given.)
Example: Do you want coffee or tea?
I want tea.
1. (………………………………………………………………………)
I want to dance to the music.
2. (………………………………………………………………………)
My pencil is blue.
3. (………………………………………………………………………)
My new car is small.
4. (………………………………………………………………………)
My coat is long.
5. (………………………………………………………………………)
I hurt my right arm.
B) Make sentences with " or " using the given word. Follow the example.
Example: like / juice / milk?
Would you like juice or milk?
1. eat / sandwich / burger
(………………………………………………………………………)
2. go / bus / taxi
(………………………………………………………………………)
3. speak / English / French
(………………………………………………………………………)
4. buy / car / truck
(………………………………………………………………………)
5. can / sleep / play football
(………………………………………………………………………)
6. watch / movie / TV
(………………………………………………………………………)
7. do / homework / sleep
(………………………………………………………………………)
There is / There are
"There + be" is used to say that something exists.
There is a book on your desk. There are pens under the table.
Structure:
There + Be + nouns + adverbial phrase ( adverb of place ).
Contraction:
There is = There's There is not = There isn't
There are = There're There are not = There aren't
EXAMPLES:
1. There are ten desks in the classroom.
2. There's a chalkboard, too.
3. There are books on the desks.
4. Are there students in the classroom?
Yes, there are.
5. Is there a teacher in the classroom?
Es, there is.
6. Are there cars in the classroom?
No, there aren't.
7. There was a good show on TV last night.
8. There wasn't a good game on TV last night.
9. There were two good movies on TV on Saturday.
10. There is some money on my pocket.
EXERCISES:
A) Make sentences with " there is / there are ", using the given words. Follow the example.
Example: calendar
There's a calendar in classroom.
1. clock
(………………………………………………………………………)
2. bulletin
(………………………………………………………………………)
3. desks
(………………………………………………………………………)
4. chalk board
(………………………………………………………………………)
5. map
(………………………………………………………………………)
6. chair
(………………………………………………………………………)
B) Make questions with " there ". Look at the answers. Follow the example.
Example: Is there any picture on the wall?
No, there isn't any picture on the wall.
1. (………………………………………………………………………)
Yes, there are. There are four chairs in the classroom.
2. (………………………………………………………………………)
No, there isn't. There isn't any book in my bag.
3. (………………………………………………………………………)
No, there aren't. There are no cars in the parking lot.
4. (………………………………………………………………………)
Yes, there is. There is a spoon on the table.
5. (………………………………………………………………………)
Yes, there were. There were some students in the room.
6. (………………………………………………………………………)
No, there won't be women in the party.
Some \ Any
Statement: Bill has some money.
Negative: Bill doesn't have any money.
Question: Does Bill have any money?
Does Bill have some money?
Some: used in affirmative statements and questions.
Any: used in negative statements and questions.
Some = + , ?
Any = - , ?
EXAMPLES: ( Notice the use of any in the following dialog )
Dialog:
Mother: Do you want some soup for lunch, Ted?
Ted: No, I don't want any soup, Mother, Thanks.
Can I have some fruit please?
Mother: Yes, Ted, you can have some fruit.
Do you want some tea?
Ted: Do you have some cold tea?
Mother: Yes, Do you want some sugar, too?
Ted: Yes, thank you, Mother.
EXERCISE:
Complete the sentences using " SOME or ANY ".
1. Are there __________ books on the table?
2. There aren't __________ radios on the table.
3. There's __________ fruit on the table.
4. Are there __________ apples on the table?
5. There are __________ bananas on the table.
6. There isn't __________ sugar on the table.
7. There is __________ salt on the table.
Can ( possibility )
Apart from the other uses " can " is used to express possibility as well.
WH-questions with " can ".
1. What can I do this afternoon?
2. Where can you buy some fruit?
3. How can you go to Makkah?
4. When can we meet again?
5. Who can be the teacher for this course?
Yes / no questions with " can ".
1. Can I see you tomorrow as well?
2. Can this meeting be prolonged a little more?
3. Can you find someone to help me move the table?
4. Can he find a taxi at this time?
5. Can we see a doctor any time?
Affirmative sentences:
1. You can buy some fruit, too, at this shop.
2. We can play football, if we finish our homework early.
3. One can find a friend easily, if one is polite.
EXERCISES:
A) Make sentences using " can " + " buy " or " get ". Look at the examples.
Examples:
food / grocery store
You can buy food at a grocery store.
cigarettes / drug store
You can get cigarettes at a drug store.
1. meet / grocery store
(………………………………………………………………………)
2. haircut / barber shop
(………………………………………………………………………)
3. medicine / drugstore
(………………………………………………………………………)
4. meal / restaurant
(………………………………………………………………………)
5. hamburger / snack bar
(………………………………………………………………………)
6. clothes / clothing store
(………………………………………………………………………)
7. toothpaste / drugstore
(………………………………………………………………………)
8. shoes / shoe store
(………………………………………………………………………)
9. eggs / supermarket
(………………………………………………………………………)
10. meat / butcher's shop
(………………………………………………………………………)
B) Ask and answer yes / no questions using " Can ". Look at the examples.
Example:
play soccer / after class
Can you play soccer after class?
Yes, I can.
go to the movie / Friday
Can we go to the movie this Friday?
No, we can't.
1. watch TV / your room
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
2. go to the drugstore / after class
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
3. work / after 5
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
4. wash hands / sink
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
5. get haircut / on Saturday
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
6. move / that chair
(………………………………………………………………………)
(………………………………………………………………………)
Will
" Will " is a modal auxiliary verb. It has no-s in the third person singular; questions and negatives are made without do; after will, we use an infinitive without to.
" Will " is used to express future time.
Form:
Subject + Will + Bare infinitive + Object / adverbial phrase
Contraction:
will = 'll will not = won't
I will = I'll I will not = I won't
He will = He'll He will not = He won't
Function:
Expression of future time ( Notice the function of " WILL " in the following sentences in different forms ) .
1. We'll go to Florida.
2. Tom and Linda will see Disney World.
3. Mary will buy T-shirts and caps for the children.
4. Sue and I will visit our friends.
5. When will you go to Jeddah?
6. Will you play football this weekend?
7. I won't come to class tomorrow.
8. We will be back in three weeks.
9. Dad will call our travel agent tomorrow.
10. Mom will pack our suitcases.
11. Who'll help you in this project?
12. Where will you be staying in Saudi Arabia.
EXERCISES:
A) Re-write the following sentences with " WILL " to express future. Use the words in brackets ( ). Follow the example.
Example: I go to the movies every weekend. ( next week )
I'll go to the movies next week.
1. He studies in the library every afternoon. ( tomorrow )
(………………………………………………………………………)
2. We play soccer in the evening. ( tomorrow )
(………………………………………………………………………)
3. Jim gets up early everyday. ( tomorrow )
(………………………………………………………………………)
4. She goes to bed late every night. ( tonight )
(………………………………………………………………………)
5. They walk to class every morning. ( tomorrow morning )
(………………………………………………………………………)
6. We travel to Spain every year. ( next year )
(………………………………………………………………………)
7. He buys a new car every two years. ( next summer )
(………………………………………………………………………)
8. They look up new words in the dictionary everyday. ( tonight )
(………………………………………………………………………)
B) Make sentences with " WILL " like the example.
Example : meet / restaurant / next Friday
Michael and I will meet at a restaurant next Friday.
1. go / movies / next Saturday
(………………………………………………………………………)
2. watch football game / next Sunday
(………………………………………………………………………)
3. play / soccer / on Sunday
(………………………………………………………………………)
4. go / clothing store / this Sunday
(………………………………………………………………………)
5. buy / black pants
(………………………………………………………………………)
6. wear / new pants / movies
(………………………………………………………………………)
7. take a trip / next summer
(………………………………………………………………………)
8. go / Washington D.C.
(………………………………………………………………………)
9. drive / drugstore / after class
(………………………………………………………………………)
10. buy / shampoo and a razor
(………………………………………………………………………)
11. pick up / tickets / tomorrow
(………………………………………………………………………)
12. pack / suitcases / the day after tomorrow
(………………………………………………………………………)
AN A THE
1. Use an in front of a noun that begins with a vowel sound. It is used when the speaker is talking about a thing in general.
an aunt
an egg
an I.D. card an orange
an uncle
an hour*
* The word " hour " begins with a vowel sound.
2. Use a in front of a noun that begins with a consonant sound. It is also used when the speaker is talking about a thing in general.
a boy
a girl a man
a woman
3. Use the in front of a noun that begins with any sound. It is used for specific things when the speaker and the listener are thinking about the same persons or things.
the student
the teachers the office
the bananas
EXAMPLES:
1. Robert is an agent.
2. My brother is a doctor.
3. His brother Henry is an enlisted man in the army.
4. They visited the class together for an hour.
5. There is a desk in the room.
6. A student is outside.
The student from England is outside.
7. There is a book on the table.
The table belongs to Ahmad.
8. There are two classrooms in building D.
He locked the classrooms in building D.
9. She bought some onion.
She put the onion on the table.
MARY ANN IS *****NG __A__ BIG MEAL.
Write an or a on the lines.
Mary Ann needs _____ onion, _____ egg and _____ potato. She wants to make potato salad.
She's *****ng _____ big dinner for Pam and Rob.
Rob is _____ airman. Pam works in _____ office.
They will have _____ good meal. Mary Ann is _____ good ****.
Rob and Pam will come in _____ hour.
GEORGE WENT TO THE STORE.
Read the paragraph. Write a or the on the lines.
George went to the grocery store on Saturday. He needs _____ bar of soap, _____
bottle of shampoo, _____ can of tomatoes and _____ pound of potatoes. At _____ store,
George saw some small red potatoes and some large white ones. He got a pound of _____
small red potatoes. He saw _____ tomatoes next to some cans of corn. _____ store didn't
have _____ soap he likes. He will have to go to _____ different store to buy that.
Complete the dialogs with a, an or the.
1. Ron: Ted has two cars. Which one did he drive yesterday?
Dan: He drove _____ blue one.
2. Sue: I ate _____ bowl of ice cream for lunch.
May: Was _____ ice cream good?
3. Fred: What did you buy?
Joan: I bought _____ pound of meat, some bread, _____ onion, _____ tomato and some
lettuce to make hamburger.
MANY / MUCH
Many is used with nouns you can count. I means " a lot of ".
He has many books.
Do they have many children?
We didn't see many pilots there.
Much is used with nouns you cannot count. It also means
" a lot of ". It is used in negative sentences and questions.
He didn't drink much coffee.
Did he have much work last week?
THEY HAVE MANY CHILDREN.
THEY DON'T HAVE MUCH MONEY.
EXAMPLES:
1. She has many shoes.
2. He doesn't have many clothes.
3. Do they have many children?
4. They can't play many sports.
5. Ted doesn't have much time.
6. The bottle doesn't have much milk in it.
7. Will you have much homework this weekend?
8. Did Jane have much money in her pocket.
Complete the sentences with MANY or MUCH.
1. There isn't __________ fruit in the table.
2. Do you have __________ time to see the city?
3. I have __________ things to do today.
4. Do __________ children play soccer in the US?
5. I don't put __________ sugar in my tea.
HOE MANY … ? HOW MUCH … ?
How many is used with nouns you can count.
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
How many
How many children
books do any have?
did he buy? Five. I have five children.
Two. He bought two books.
How much is used with nouns you cannot count.
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
How much
How much tea
fruit do you drink every day?
did she buy? Three cups. I drink three cups of tea a day.
Five pounds. She bought five pounds of fruit.
EXAMPLES:
1. How many books did he buy?
He bought five books.
2. How much rice did he eat?
He ate two plants of rice.
3. How much money do you need?
I need two hundred dollars.
4. How many cars do you have?
I have two cars.
5. How much sugar do you like?
I like two spoons.
HOW MUCH DID YOU EAT?
Write questions with " how much " or " how many " and the underlined words. Then read the questions and answers.
Examples:
A: How much coffee did you drink?
B: Three cups. I drank three cups of coffee.
A: How many children does he have?
B: Two. He has two children.
1. A: (………………………………………………………………………)
B: Four. We had four pieces of pie.
2. A: (………………………………………………………………………)
B: Not much. She doesn't have much money.
3. A: (………………………………………………………………………)
B: Five pounds. I got five pounds of meat.
4. A: (………………………………………………………………………)
B: One brother and two sisters. He has one brother and two sisters.
5. A: (………………………………………………………………………)
B: Ten. There are ten students in the classroom.
6. A: (………………………………………………………………………)
B: Three dozen. I made three dozen ******s.
7. A: (………………………………………………………………………)
B: A dozen. There's a dozen oranges in the box.
8. A: (………………………………………………………………………)
B: Two bowls. He *****d two bowls of rice.
Modal ( have to )
WE HAVE TO GO TO THE LAB.
Have to is used to express something that is necessary. It is the same
as " must ".
STATEMENT: We have to wear our name tags.
She has to be at the airport at 7:30.
QUESTIONS: Do we have to wear our caps outside?
Yes, we have to. No, we don't have to.
Does he have to buy a new coat?
Yes, he has to. No, he doesn't have to.
What time does she have to be there?
She has to be there at 0600.
When do you have to leave?
I have to leave at 0800.
Do not have to is used to say that something is not necessary.
NEGATIVE: We don't have to go to the bank.
We have money.
She doesn't have to wear a uniform.
She's a civilian .
STUDENTS HAVE TO DO THESE THINGS.
Repeat the sentences. Then change the statements to questions.
1. Students have to wear their uniforms to class.
(………………………………………………………………………)
2. They have to wear their caps outside.
(………………………………………………………………………)
3. They have to wear their name tags.
(………………………………………………………………………)
4. They have to bring their I.D. cards.
(………………………………………………………………………)
5. They have salute officers.